Comprehensive physical and chemical properties of Tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and its broad prospects for application in many fields

2024-10-11by admin

Physical properties	Value
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Melting point	-17.5°C
Boiling point	225°C
Density	0.97 g/cm³（20°C）
Refractive index	1.486 (20°C)
Solubility	Easily soluble in water, alcohol, ether and other polar solvents, slightly soluble in non-polar solvents

3. Chemical properties

Basicity: TMG is a strong base, which is stronger than commonly used organic bases such as triethylamine and DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] One carbon-7-ene).
Nucleophilicity: TMG has strong nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophiles.
Stability: TMG is stable at room temperature, but may decompose under high temperature and strong acid conditions.

Chemical Properties	Description
Alkaline	Strong base, stronger than triethylamine and DBU
Nucleophilicity	Strong nucleophilicity, able to react with a variety of electrophiles
Stability	Stable at room temperature, but may decompose under high temperature and strong acid conditions

Applications of tetramethylguanidine in many fields

1. Organic synthesis

Catalyst: TMG is often used as a catalyst in organic synthesis to promote various reactions, such as esterification, cyclization, hydrogenation, etc.
Alkaline medium: The strong alkalinity of TMG makes it often used to adjust the pH value of the reaction system in organic synthesis to improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction.

Application fields	Specific applications	Effectiveness evaluation
Organic synthesis	Catalyst	Promote a variety of reactions, improve yield and selectivity
Organic synthesis	Alkaline medium	Adjust the pH value of the reaction system to improve reaction selectivity

2. Pesticide preparation

Synergist: TMG can be used as a synergist to enhance the permeability and solubility of pesticides on plant leaves and improve the effective utilization of pesticides.
Toxicity attenuator: TMG can be used as a toxicity attenuator to reduce the toxicity of pesticides and reduce the impact on non-target organisms.

Application fields	Specific applications	Effectiveness evaluation
Pesticide preparation	Intensifier	Enhance permeability and solubility, improve effective utilization
Pesticide preparation	toxicity attenuator	Reduce toxicity and reduce impact on non-target organisms

3. Water pollution purification treatment

Heavy metal ion removal: TMG can be used as an adsorbent and complexing agent to effectively remove heavy metal ions in water.
Degradation of organic pollutants: TMG can serve as a catalyst to promote the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants and improve treatment efficiency.
Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients: TMG can promote the precipitation and adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and reduce eutrophication of water bodies.

Application fields	Specific applications	Effectiveness evaluation
Water pollution purification treatment	Heavy metal ion removal	Effectively remove heavy metal ions, removal rate > 90%
Water pollution purification treatment	Degradation of organic pollutants	Promote oxidative degradation of organic pollutants, removal rate > 85%
Water pollution purification treatment	Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients removal	Promote the precipitation and adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, with a removal rate > 70%

4. Heterogeneous catalytic reaction

Esterification reaction: TMG acts as a catalyst to promote the reaction of acid and alcohol to generate ester and water.
Hydrogenation reaction: As a cocatalyst, TMG works synergistically with the metal catalyst to promote the activation and transfer of hydrogen and improve the efficiency of the hydrogenation reaction.
Cyclization reaction: TMG acts as a catalyst to promote the cyclization reaction of organic molecules to generate cyclic compounds.
Oxidation reaction: TMG acts as a catalyst to promote the oxidation reaction of organic molecules and generate oxidation products.

Application fields	Specific applications	Effectiveness evaluation
Heterogeneous catalytic reaction	Esterification	Promote the reaction between acid and alcohol to improve yield and selectivity
Heterogeneous catalytic reaction	Hydrogenation reaction	Promote the activation and transfer of hydrogen and improve the efficiency of hydrogenation reaction
Heterogeneous catalytic reaction	Cyclization reaction	Promote the cyclization reaction of organic molecules and improve yield and selectivity
Heterogeneous catalytic reaction	Oxidation reaction	Promote the oxidation reaction of organic molecules and improve yield and selectivity

5. Pharmaceutical field

Drug synthesis: TMG is often used as a catalyst and alkaline medium in drug synthesis to promote the synthesis of many drugs.The synthesis of �� bodies.
Drug preparations: TMG can be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations to improve the solubility and stability of drugs.

Application fields	Specific applications	Effectiveness evaluation
Pharmaceutical field	Drug synthesis	Promote the synthesis of drug intermediates and improve yield and selectivity
Pharmaceutical field	Pharmaceutical preparations	Improve the solubility and stability of drugs

6. Materials Science

Polymer synthesis: TMG can serve as a catalyst to promote polymer synthesis and improve polymer performance.
Functional materials: TMG can be used as an additive for functional materials to improve the properties of materials, such as conductivity, thermal stability, etc.

Application fields	Specific applications	Effectiveness evaluation
Material Science	Polymer synthesis	Promote polymer synthesis and improve performance
Material Science	Functional materials	Improve material properties, such as electrical conductivity and thermal stability

Specific cases of tetramethylguanidine application in various fields

1. Organic synthesis

Case Background: When an organic synthesis company was producing a certain ester product, it found that the traditional catalyst was not effective, affecting production efficiency and product quality.
Specific applications: The company introduced TMG as a catalyst to optimize the conditions of the esterification reaction and improve the yield and selectivity of the reaction.
Effect evaluation: After using TMG, the yield of the esterification reaction increased by 20%, the selectivity increased by 15%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

Application fields	Catalyst	Yield (%)	Selectivity (%)
Organic synthesis	TMG	95	98

2. Pesticide preparation

Case Background: When a pesticide company was developing highly efficient and low-toxic organophosphorus pesticides, it discovered that traditional organophosphorus pesticides were ineffective and highly toxic.
Specific application: The company added TMG as a synergist and attenuator during the preparation process to optimize the pesticide formula, improve the pesticide’s permeability and solubility, and reduce its toxicity to non-targets Biological toxicity.
Effectiveness evaluation: Organophosphorus pesticides using TMG are superior to pesticides without TMG in terms of efficacy and safety. The control effect on target pests has increased by 20%, and the control effect on non-target organisms has increased by 20%. Toxicity reduced by 30%.

Application fields	Additives	Effectiveness evaluation
Pesticide preparation	TMG	Good permeability, high solubility, low toxicity, 20% increase in efficacy, 30% reduction in toxicity

3. Water pollution purification treatment

Case Background: When a city sewage treatment plant was treating domestic sewage, it was found that traditional methods were not effective, especially the removal rate of organic pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients was low.
Specific application: The sewage treatment plant adds TMG as an adsorbent and catalyst during the treatment process, which optimizes the treatment process and improves the removal rate and treatment efficiency.
Effectiveness evaluation: After using TMG, the removal rate of organic pollutants in domestic sewage increased by 20%, and the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients increased by 15%.

Application fields	Additives	Effectiveness evaluation
Water pollution purification treatment	TMG	The removal rate of organic pollutants is increased by 20%, and the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients is increased by 15%

4. Heterogeneous catalytic reaction

Case Background: When a pharmaceutical company was producing certain drug intermediates, it was discovered that the traditional hydrogenation catalyst was not effective, which affected production efficiency and product quality.
Specific applications: The company introduced TMG as a cocatalyst, which synergizes with Pd/C to optimize the conditions of the hydrogenation reaction and improve the yield and selectivity of the reaction.
Effect Evaluation: After using TMG, the yield of the hydrogenation reaction increased by 25%, the selectivity increased by 20%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

Application fields	Catalyst	Yield (%)	Selectivity (%)
Heterogeneous catalytic reaction	Pd/C + TMG	98	99

Technical characteristics of tetramethylguanidine in various fields

1. Efficiency

Catalytic efficiency: TMG exhibits efficient catalytic activity in a variety of reactions, significantly improving the yield and selectivity of the reaction.
Treatment efficiency: TMG shows high removal capacity and treatment efficiency in water pollution purification treatment.

Technical features	Description
Catalytic efficiency	Efficient catalytic activity significantly improves the yield and selectivity of the reaction
Processing efficiency	EfficientRemoval Capacity and Treatment Efficiency

2. Selectivity

Reaction selectivity: TMG exhibits high reaction selectivity in organic synthesis and heterogeneous catalytic reactions, reducing the formation of by-products.
Pollutant selectivity: TMG shows high pollutant selectivity in water pollution purification treatment, reducing the impact on non-target organisms.

Technical features	Description
Reaction selectivity	High reaction selectivity, reducing the formation of by-products
Pollutant selectivity	High pollutant selectivity, reducing the impact on non-target organisms

3. Environmental friendliness

Low toxicity: TMG itself has low toxicity and will not cause significant pollution to the environment.
Renewability: TMG can be regenerated in certain reactions, improving its efficiency and economy.

Technical features	Description
Low toxicity	Low toxicity, will not cause significant pollution to the environment
Renewability	Can be regenerated in certain reactions, improving efficiency and economy

Future prospects for the application of tetramethylguanidine in many fields

Development of new catalysts: Further study the synergy between TMG and other catalysts to develop more efficient catalyst systems.
Multifunctional Material Design: Explore the application of TMG in new functional materials, such as conductive materials, thermally stable materials, etc.
Environmental Protection: Continue to study the application of TMG in water pollution purification treatment and develop more environmentally friendly and efficient treatment technologies.
Pharmaceutical Innovation: In-depth research on the application of TMG in drug synthesis and formulation, and the development of new drugs and formulation technologies.

Future Outlook	Description
Development of new catalysts	Study the synergy between TMG and other catalysts to develop more efficient catalyst systems
Multifunctional material design	Explore the application of TMG in new functional materials, such as conductive materials and thermally stable materials
Environmental protection	Study the application of TMG in water pollution purification treatment and develop more environmentally friendly and efficient treatment technology
Pharmaceutical Innovation	In-depth study of the application of TMG in drug synthesis and formulation, and development of new drugs and formulation technologies