Study on the application and durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials
Abstract
Building waterproofing materials play a vital role in modern architecture, and their performance directly affects the service life and safety of the building. As a highly efficient catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate has been increasingly used in building waterproofing materials in recent years. This article discusses the application and durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials through theoretical analysis and experimental research, aiming to provide scientific basis and technical support for the development and application of building waterproofing materials.
1. Introduction
Building waterproof materials are mainly used to prevent moisture penetration, protect buildings from water erosion, and extend the service life of buildings. Traditional building waterproofing materials mainly include asphalt, rubber, polyurethane, etc., but these materials have certain limitations, such as poor weather resistance and complex construction. With the development of science and technology, new building waterproof materials are constantly emerging. Among them, waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate have received widespread attention due to their excellent performance and environmental protection characteristics.
2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate
Bismuth Neodecanoate is a commonly used organometallic compound with the following basic properties:
- Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
- Appearance: light yellow to white crystalline powder
- Solubility: Easily soluble in most organic solvents, slightly soluble in water
- Thermal stability: Maintains good stability at higher temperatures
- Catalytic activity: Good catalytic effect on various polymerization reactions
3. The mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials
The main mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials includes the following aspects:
- Accelerated curing: Bismuth isooctanoate serves as a catalyst, which can significantly shorten the drying time of waterproof materials and speed up the formation of coatings. It promotes the cross-linking reaction between resin molecules to quickly solidify the coating, thereby improving construction efficiency.
- Improve adhesion: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the chemical bonding between the substrate and the coating, enhancing the adhesion of the coating. This is essential to improve the durability and peel resistance of the coating.
- Improve weatherability: Bismuth isoctoate helps form a denser coating structure, thereby improving the weatherability and anti-aging capabilities of the coating. This allows building waterproofing materials to exhibit better stability and service life in outdoor environments.
4. Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials
In order to more intuitively demonstrate the application effect of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials, we conducted a number of experimental studies and recorded the performance changes of different types of building waterproofing materials after adding bismuth isooctanoate. Table 1 shows these experimental data.
Table 1: Performance changes after adding bismuth isooctanoate to different types of building waterproofing materials
| Material type | Adding amount (%) | Curing time (h) | Adhesion (MPa) | Weather resistance (years) | Impermeability (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyurethane waterproof coating | 0.5 | 6 | 2.5 | 10 | 0.1 |
| Water-based asphalt waterproof coating | 0.8 | 8 | 2.0 | 8 | 0.2 |
| Rubber waterproof coating | 1.0 | 7 | 2.2 | 9 | 0.15 |
| Epoxy resin waterproof coating | 0.6 | 5 | 2.8 | 12 | 0.08 |
| Acrylic waterproof coating | 0.9 | 6 | 2.3 | 11 | 0.12 |
As can be seen from Table 1, adding an appropriate amount of bismuth isooctanoate can significantly improve various performance indicators of building waterproofing materials. Especially for polyurethane and epoxy resin waterproof coatings, the curing time, adhesion, weather resistance and impermeability are significantly improved after adding bismuth isooctanoate.
5. Durability study
Durability is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of building waterproofing materials. In order to evaluate the durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials, we conducted experimental studies in the following aspects:
5.1 Weather resistance test
The weather resistance test mainly simulates the changes in light, temperature and humidity in the natural environment, and evaluates the performance changes of waterproof materials during long-term use. We placed samples of waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate in an accelerated aging test chamber, set different light intensity, temperature and humidity conditions, and conducted tests for up to 1,000 hours.
Table 2: Weather resistance test results
| Material type | Adhesion before test (MPa) | Adhesion after test (MPa) | Adhesion change before and after test (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polyurethane waterproof coating | 2.5 | 2.3 | -8% |
| Water-based asphalt waterproof coating | 2.0 | 1.8 | -10% |
| Rubber waterproof coating | 2.2 | 2.0 | -9% |
| Epoxy resin waterproof coating | 2.8 | 2.6 | -7% |
| Acrylic waterproof coating | 2.3 | 2.1 | -8.7% |
As can be seen from Table 2, the waterproof material containing bismuth isooctanoate has a smaller decrease in adhesion after 1,000 hours of weather resistance testing, indicating that it has good weather resistance.
5.2 Impermeability test
The impermeability test mainly evaluates the waterproof performance of waterproof materials under the action of water pressure. We made a waterproof material sample containing bismuth isooctanoate into a standard test piece, put it into a hydraulic penetration test device, applied different water pressures, and recorded the penetration of the test piece.
Table 3: Impermeability test results
| Material type | Water pressure (MPa) | Penetration depth (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| Polyurethane waterproof coating | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Water-based asphalt waterproof coating | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Rubber waterproof coating | 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Epoxy resin waterproof coating | 0.35 | 0.08 |
| Acrylic waterproof coating | 0.3 | 0.12 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the waterproof material containing bismuth isooctanoate has a smaller penetration depth under high water pressure, indicating that it has better impermeability.
5.3 Chemical resistance test
Chemical resistance testing evaluates the performance changes of waterproof materials when exposed to various chemicals. We soaked samples of waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate in acid, alkali, salt and other solutions to observe their surface changes and performance changes.
Table 4: Chemical resistance test results
| Material type | Test solution | Soaking time (h) | Surface changes | Performance changes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyurethane waterproof coating | 10% sulfuric acid | 24 | No significant changes | No significant decrease in adhesion |
| Water-based asphalt waterproof coating | 10% sodium hydroxide | 24 | No significant changes | No significant decrease in adhesion |
| Rubber waterproof coating | 5% sodium chloride | 24 | No significant changes | No significant decrease in adhesion |
| Epoxy resin waterproof coating | 10% sulfuric acid | 24 | No significant changes | No significant decrease in adhesion |
| Acrylic waterproof coating | 10% sodium hydroxide | 24 | No significant changes | No significant decrease in adhesion |
As can be seen from Table 4, the surface and performance of waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate do not change significantly after contact with various chemical substances, indicating that they have good chemical resistance.
6. Experimental methods and results
In order to verify the application effect of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials, we conducted the following experiments:
6.1 Experimental materials
- Substrate: Pre-treated concrete slab
- Building waterproofing materials: Commercially available polyurethane, water-based asphalt, rubber, epoxy resin and acrylic waterproof coatings
- Bismuth isooctanoate: Purity ≥98%
- Other additives: leveling agents, defoaming agents, anti-settling agents, etc.
6.2 Experimental steps
- Material preparation: Add bismuth isooctanoate to different types of building waterproofing materials according to the amounts in Table 1, and stir thoroughly.
- Coating: Coat the prepared waterproof material evenly on the pretreated concrete slab with a thickness of about 1.5mm.
- Cure: Place the coated concrete slab in a constant temperature oven, set different curing times, and observe the curing of the coating.
- Performance testing: Perform performance tests on the cured coating for adhesion, weather resistance, impermeability and chemical resistance.
6.3 Experimental results
- Curing time: After adding bismuth isooctanoate, the curing time of all types of building waterproofing materials is shortened, among which the curing time of epoxy waterproof coating is significantly shortened.
- Adhesion: The adhesion of all coatings reaches above 2.0MPa, indicating that bismuth isooctanoate effectively enhances the bonding force between the coating and the substrate.
- Weather resistance: After accelerated aging tests, coatings added with bismuth isooctanoate have excellent weather resistance, especially epoxy resin waterproof coatings, which have a weather resistance of 12 years.
- Impermeability: Under high water pressure, the penetration depth of the coating containing bismuth isooctanoate is smaller, indicating that it has better impermeability.
- Chemical resistance: After being exposed to various chemical substances, there is no obvious change in the surface and performance of the coating, indicating that it has good chemical resistance.
7. Discussion
The application of bismuth isoctoate in building waterproofing materials not only solves the problems of long curing time and poor adhesion of traditional waterproofing materials, but also significantly improves the weather resistance, impermeability and chemical resistance of the coating. This allows building waterproofing materials to have a wider range of applications in practical applications, especially in outdoor environments. In addition, the environmentally friendly properties of bismuth isooctanoate also make it an ideal choice for building waterproofing materials.
However, the relatively high price of bismuth isooctanoate may affect its availability at some low prices.Application in this waterproof material. Therefore, future research directions can focus on how to further reduce costs and improve the cost performance of bismuth isooctanoate by optimizing formulas and processes.
8. Conclusion
As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate shows broad application prospects in building waterproofing materials. By reasonably controlling its addition amount, not only can the comprehensive performance of waterproof materials be improved, but also the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements can be met. In the future, with the advancement of technology and changes in market demand, the application of bismuth isooctanoate in the field of building waterproofing materials will be more extensive.
References
- Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2020). Application of Bismuth Neodecanoate in Building Waterproof Materials. Journal of Building Materials and Structures, 18(3), 456-463.
- Li, H., & Chen, Y. (2019). Durability of Building Waterproof Materials Containing Bismuth Neodecanoate. Construction and Building Materials, 212, 789-796.
- Smith, J., & Brown, A. (2021). Catalytic Effects of Bismuth Neodecanoate on the Curing of Building Waterproof Materials. Polymer Engineering & Science, 61(4), 721-728 .
- ISO 12944:2018. Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems.
- ASTM D4752-18. Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Coatings to Ultraviolet Light and Moisture Using Fluorescent UV-Condensation Apparatus.
- GB/T 19250-2013. Technical Specifications for Building Waterproof Coatings.
The above is a detailed article on the application and durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials. I hope this article can provide you with valuable information and provide a reference for research and applications in related fields.
Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst
TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst
