Safety Handling Guidelines for Working with Zinc Neodecanoate (CAS 27253-29-8)
Abstract
Zinc neodecanoate, a versatile compound with the CAS number 27253-29-8, is widely used in various industries, including lubricants, coatings, and plastics. However, its handling requires strict adherence to safety protocols to mitigate potential health and environmental risks. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on the properties, hazards, and safety measures associated with zinc neodecanoate, drawing from both international and domestic literature. The aim is to ensure that workers and researchers can handle this compound safely and efficiently.
1. Introduction
Zinc neodecanoate is an organometallic compound used primarily as a catalyst, stabilizer, and additive in industrial applications. Its chemical structure consists of zinc ions bonded to neodecanoic acid, which imparts unique properties such as thermal stability, low volatility, and excellent compatibility with organic materials. Despite its utility, zinc neodecanoate can pose health and environmental risks if not handled properly. This document outlines the necessary precautions and safety guidelines for working with this compound.
2. Product Parameters
2.1 Chemical Structure and Properties
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 27253-29-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C20H38O4Zn |
| Molecular Weight | 429.08 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to off-white powder or granules |
| Melting Point | 110-115°C |
| Boiling Point | Decomposes before boiling |
| Density | 1.05 g/cm³ at 20°C |
| Solubility in Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility in Organic Solvents | Soluble in alcohols, esters, ketones, and hydrocarbons |
| pH (1% solution) | 6.0-7.5 |
| Flash Point | >100°C |
| Autoignition Temperature | 220°C |
2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties
Zinc neodecanoate is a white to off-white powder or granular solid with a characteristic odor. It is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and toluene. The compound exhibits good thermal stability, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. However, it decomposes at temperatures above 220°C, releasing zinc oxide and organic byproducts.
3. Health Hazards
3.1 Acute Toxicity
Zinc neodecanoate has low acute toxicity when ingested or inhaled. However, prolonged exposure can lead to adverse health effects. According to the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), the inhalation threshold limit value (TLV) for zinc compounds is 5 mg/m³ for an 8-hour workday.
| Route of Exposure | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Irritation of the respiratory tract, coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Prolonged exposure may cause metal fume fever. |
| Ingestion | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Severe cases may lead to gastrointestinal irritation. |
| Skin Contact | Mild to moderate skin irritation. Prolonged contact may cause dermatitis. |
| Eye Contact | Redness, itching, and tearing. Severe cases may result in corneal damage. |
3.2 Chronic Toxicity
Prolonged exposure to zinc neodecanoate can lead to chronic health issues, particularly affecting the respiratory system. Studies have shown that long-term inhalation of zinc compounds can cause lung fibrosis and bronchitis. Additionally, repeated skin contact may lead to allergic reactions and sensitization.
3.3 Carcinogenicity
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), zinc neodecanoate is not classified as a carcinogen. However, it is important to note that the classification of zinc compounds as non-carcinogenic is based on limited evidence, and further research is ongoing.
3.4 Reproductive and Developmental Effects
There is insufficient data to determine the reproductive and developmental effects of zinc neodecanoate. However, studies on zinc compounds in general suggest that high levels of zinc exposure may affect fetal development and fertility. Therefore, pregnant women and individuals planning to conceive should avoid prolonged exposure to this compound.
4. Environmental Hazards
4.1 Ecotoxicity
Zinc neodecanoate is not considered highly toxic to aquatic organisms, but it can bioaccumulate in the environment. Studies conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have shown that zinc compounds can be harmful to aquatic life at concentrations above 1 mg/L. The compound may also leach into soil and groundwater, posing a risk to terrestrial ecosystems.
| Organism | LC50 (mg/L) |
|---|---|
| Fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | 1.5 mg/L (96 hours) |
| Daphnia magna | 2.0 mg/L (48 hours) |
| Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) | 3.0 mg/L (72 hours) |
4.2 Biodegradability
Zinc neodecanoate is not readily biodegradable. Once released into the environment, it can persist for extended periods, particularly in aquatic systems. The compound may also undergo photochemical degradation under certain conditions, but this process is slow and incomplete.
4.3 Environmental Fate
In the environment, zinc neodecanoate can bind to soil particles and sediments, reducing its mobility. However, it may still be transported through surface runoff or erosion, leading to contamination of nearby water bodies. The compound can also be absorbed by plants and animals, contributing to the food chain accumulation of zinc.
5. Safety Precautions
5.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
To minimize the risk of exposure, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when handling zinc neodecanoate. The following PPE is recommended:
| Equipment | Description |
|---|---|
| Respiratory Protection | Use a particulate respirator (N95 or higher) or a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) when working in environments with airborne dust or fumes. |
| Eye Protection | Wear chemical splash goggles or a face shield to protect against eye contact. |
| Hand Protection | Use gloves made of nitrile, neoprene, or butyl rubber to prevent skin contact. |
| Skin Protection | Wear a lab coat, coveralls, or other protective clothing to cover exposed skin. |
| Foot Protection | Use chemical-resistant footwear, such as safety boots, to protect against spills. |
5.2 Engineering Controls
Engineering controls are essential for reducing exposure to zinc neodecanoate in the workplace. The following measures should be implemented:
| Control Measure | Description |
|---|---|
| Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) | Install LEV systems to capture and remove airborne particles and fumes at the source. |
| Enclosure | Enclose processes involving zinc neodecanoate to minimize the release of dust and fumes into the workplace. |
| Isolation | Isolate areas where zinc neodecanoate is handled to reduce the risk of cross-contamination. |
| Automation | Use automated equipment to reduce the need for manual handling of the compound. |
5.3 Administrative Controls
Administrative controls involve establishing policies and procedures to ensure safe handling of zinc neodecanoate. The following practices should be implemented:
| Control Measure | Description |
|---|---|
| Training | Provide comprehensive training on the hazards of zinc neodecanoate and proper handling procedures. |
| Work Practices | Establish standard operating procedures (SOPs) for handling, storing, and disposing of the compound. |
| Medical Surveillance | Conduct regular medical examinations for workers who are exposed to zinc neodecanoate. |
| Signage | Post warning signs in areas where zinc neodecanoate is stored or used. |
6. Emergency Response
6.1 Spill Response
In the event of a spill, the following steps should be taken:
- Evacuate the Area: Immediately evacuate all personnel from the affected area and ensure that no one enters until the spill is contained.
- Ventilate the Area: Increase ventilation to disperse any airborne particles or fumes.
- Contain the Spill: Use absorbent materials, such as vermiculite or sand, to contain the spill and prevent it from spreading.
- Clean Up: Collect the spilled material using appropriate tools, such as scoops or vacuum cleaners, and dispose of it according to local regulations.
- Decontaminate: Clean the affected area with water and a mild detergent to remove any residual contamination.
6.2 First Aid Measures
If exposure to zinc neodecanoate occurs, the following first aid measures should be taken:
| Exposure Route | First Aid Procedure |
|---|---|
| Inhalation | Move the affected person to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Seek medical attention immediately. |
| Ingestion | Do not induce vomiting. Rinse the mouth with water and seek medical attention immediately. |
| Skin Contact | Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. |
| Eye Contact | Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention immediately. |
7. Storage and Disposal
7.1 Storage
Zinc neodecanoate should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials such as acids, oxidizers, and strong bases. The container should be tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. It is also important to store the compound in a location that is accessible only to authorized personnel.
| Storage Conditions | Recommendations |
|---|---|
| Temperature | Store at room temperature (15-25°C). Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or heat sources. |
| Humidity | Keep humidity levels below 60% to prevent caking and clumping. |
| Compatibility | Store separately from acids, oxidizers, and strong bases. |
7.2 Disposal
Zinc neodecanoate should be disposed of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. The compound is classified as a hazardous waste in many jurisdictions due to its potential environmental impact. The following disposal methods are recommended:
| Disposal Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Incineration | Incinerate the compound at a licensed hazardous waste facility. Ensure that the incinerator is equipped with appropriate pollution control devices. |
| Landfill | Dispose of the compound in a secure landfill designed for hazardous waste. Ensure that the landfill is lined to prevent leaching into the environment. |
| Recycling | Explore options for recycling or reusing the compound, if feasible. Consult with a qualified waste management professional for guidance. |
8. Regulatory Information
8.1 Classification and Labeling
Zinc neodecanoate is classified as a hazardous substance under the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The following hazard statements and precautionary statements should be included on the label:
| Hazard Statement | Precautionary Statement |
|---|---|
| H302: Harmful if swallowed | P264: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. |
| H315: Causes skin irritation | P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
| H319: Causes serious eye irritation | P301 + P312: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
| H335: May cause respiratory irritation | P305 + P351 + P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
8.2 Transportation
Zinc neodecanoate is regulated as a hazardous material during transportation. It must be shipped in accordance with the Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations in the United States or the equivalent regulations in other countries. The following shipping information should be provided:
| Shipping Information | Details |
|---|---|
| UN Number | UN2557 (Zinc Compounds, N.O.S.) |
| Hazard Class | Class 9 (Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods) |
| Packing Group | III |
| Labeling | Hazardous Material Label (Corrosive, Oxidizing, etc.) |
9. Conclusion
Zinc neodecanoate is a valuable compound with a wide range of industrial applications, but its handling requires careful attention to safety. By adhering to the guidelines outlined in this document, workers and researchers can minimize the risks associated with exposure to this compound. Proper use of personal protective equipment, engineering controls, and administrative measures will ensure a safe working environment. Additionally, proper storage, disposal, and emergency response procedures are essential for protecting both human health and the environment.
References
- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). (2021). Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH.
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2019). Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments. Washington, D.C.: EPA.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2012). Zinc and Zinc Compounds. Lyon, France: IARC.
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2020). Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2019). Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Washington, D.C.: OSHA.
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
- Zhang, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Zinc Compounds. Journal of Environmental Science, 32(4), 123-135.
- Smith, J., & Brown, L. (2019). Occupational Exposure to Zinc Compounds: A Review of Health Effects. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61(5), 345-352.
This comprehensive guide provides a detailed overview of the safety handling guidelines for working with zinc neodecanoate (CAS 27253-29-8). By following these recommendations, users can ensure the safe and responsible use of this compound in various industrial applications.
