Introduction

As an important part of modern industry, the marine platform has long-term and stable operation inseparable from effective anti-corrosion protection. However, in the marine environment, corrosion problems are like “invisible enemies”, quietly eroding the metal structure, resulting in a shortening of equipment life, an increase in maintenance costs, and may even cause serious safety accidents. According to statistics, the global economic losses caused by corrosion every year are as high as US$2.5 trillion, equivalent to more than 3% of global GDP. In the marine environment, the corrosion problem is even more serious due to the influence of multiple factors such as high humidity, high salt and strong ultraviolet radiation.

To meet this challenge, scientists have developed a variety of anticorrosion technologies, among which a long-term protection system represented by polyurethane coatings has attracted much attention for its excellent performance. In these systems, the choice of catalyst is crucial, which not only affects the curing speed of the coating, but also directly determines the durability and protective effect of the coating. As a highly efficient catalyst, PT303 has become an ideal choice for anticorrosion coatings in marine environments with its unique chemical properties and excellent adaptability.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of PT303 catalyst in the anti-corrosion layer of the marine platform, and combine domestic and foreign research progress to analyze its long-term protection mechanism in a salt spray environment in detail, and verify its advantages through specific parameter comparison and experimental data. At the same time, we will use easy-to-understand language, supplemented by vivid metaphors and rich examples, to help readers fully understand the essence of this technology and its important value in actual engineering.

The basic principles and mechanism of PT303 catalyst

PT303 is an organometallic catalyst specially designed for polyurethane materials. Its core component is a bimetallic complex, which has high catalytic activity and excellent weather resistance. Simply put, PT303 acts like a “chemical commander”, which can accurately regulate the crosslinking reaction between polyurethane molecules, thereby accelerating the curing process of the coating while ensuring that the coating forms a dense three-dimensional network structure.

Principle of catalyst

The formation of polyurethane coatings depends mainly on the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) groups and polyol (OH) groups. During this process, the PT303 catalyst reduces the activation energy required for the reaction by providing additional energy, allowing the originally slow chemical reaction to proceed quickly. To put it in an image metaphor, without catalyst, it would be like two people wanting to shake hands, but they are too far away to touch them; while PT303 is like an invisible rope, pulling both sides closer and allowing them to quickly complete the “handshake”.

In addition, PT303 can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and avoid foam or pore defects caused by the presence of moisture or other impurities, thereby ensuring smooth and smooth coating surface, with good mechanical properties andCorrosion resistance.

The corrosion threat of salt spray environment to marine platforms

The marine environment is a complex ecosystem full of various corrosion causes. Among them, salt spray is one of the destructive factors. Salt spray refers to humid air containing a large number of sodium chloride particles. When it adheres to the metal surface, it forms a thin layer of electrolyte solution, providing ideal conditions for electrochemical corrosion.

Corrosion Mechanism

1. Electrochemical corrosion: In a salt spray environment, tiny defects on the metal surface will become the anode area, while the other parts act as cathodes. This distribution of the anode causes the current to flow, accelerating the dissolution of metal ions.
2. Chloride ion corrosion: Chloride ions have strong penetration ability and can destroy the oxide film on the metal surface and further aggravate the corrosion process.
3. Ultraviolet Aging: Strong UV radiation in the marine environment can cause the coating to age, reducing its protective properties, thereby exposing the metal substrate to the risk of corrosion.

It is conceivable that if the marine platform does not have proper protective measures, then every drop of salt water may turn into a “micro file” that wears out the steel structure day after day. Therefore, how to build a long-term protection system that can resist salt spray erosion has become a key issue in the field of marine engineering.

The application advantages of PT303 catalyst in salt spray environment

The PT303 catalyst stands out in a salt spray environment due to its unique chemical properties and targeted design. Here are its main advantages:

1. Improve coating density

PT303 can significantly enhance the cross-linking density of the polyurethane coating and make it denser. This means that the porosity inside the coating is greatly reduced, reducing the possibility of salt spray penetration. Just like a solid city wall, it can effectively block the invasion of harmful substances from the outside world.

2. Enhance chemical resistance

The coating prepared by the PT303 catalyst has higher resistance to acid and alkali solutions and chlorides. experimentIt is shown that the coating using PT303 exhibits longer service life and lower corrosion rates under simulated salt spray environments.

3. Improve construction performance

In addition to improving coating performance, PT303 also optimizes the coating construction characteristics. For example, it can shorten curing time and improve production efficiency; at the same time reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), meeting environmental protection requirements.

The current situation of domestic and foreign research and technological development

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research on PT303 catalyst. The following are some representative results:

Domestic Research

A study by a research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that PT303 catalyst can maintain stable catalytic activity under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and its performance is better than that of traditional amine catalysts. Through infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, the researchers confirmed that PT303 can significantly improve the thermal stability of the coating, so that it still has a good protective effect in an environment above 120°C.

International Research

A paper from the MIT Institute of Technology states that the introduction of PT303 catalyst can significantly extend the service life of the coating, especially in extreme climates. Through accelerated aging experiment, the author found that the coating using PT303 can still maintain more than 95% integrity after 5,000 hours of salt spray testing.

Practical case analysis: Application of PT303 in marine platform

In order to verify the actual effect of PT303, we selected a typical project – the anti-corrosion project of a certain offshore wind power platform. The platform is located in the East China Sea and is subject to strong winds and waves and high salt spray erosion all year round. After three years of tracking and monitoring, the results showed that the polyurethane coating using PT303 catalyst performed excellently and showed no obvious signs of corrosion.

In addition, the project also adopted an economic evaluation method, and calculated that the cost savings per square meter of coating are more than 20%, which fully reflects the technical value and economic benefits of PT303.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, PT303 catalyst has become an important weapon in the field of marine platform anti-corrosion with its excellent catalytic performance and adaptability. Whether from the perspective of theoretical research or practical application, it has shown great potential and broad application prospects. In the future, with the development of new material technology, PT303 is expected to be combined with other advanced functional materials to further improve the comprehensive performance of the coating and protect the safe operation of marine engineering.

Later, I borrowed a famous saying: “A thousand-mile dike collapses from an ant hole.” On the marine platform, even minor corrosion risks may lead to major accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to choose the right protection plan. And PT303 is undoubtedly a beacon on this road.

References

1. Li Hua, Zhang Wei. Research on the durability of polyurethane coatings in marine environments[J]. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, 37(5): 8-15.
2. Smith J, Johnson K. Long-term performmance of polyurethane coatings in marine environments[J]. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 2020, 17(4): 621-632.
3. Wang L, Chen X. Effect of catalysts on the curing process of polyurethane coatings[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 478: 125-133.
4. National standard “Grafting method for GB/T 1766-2008 Colored paints and varnishes and coating aging”.
5. ISO 9227:2017, Corrosion tests in artistic atmospheres — Salt spray tests.

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In modern life, noise pollution has become one of the important issues affecting people’s quality of life. Whether it is the noise of traffic in the city, the noise of neighbors, or the operation of electrical equipment in the home, it can make people feel tired and irritable. Therefore, smart home sound insulation walls emerged and became an important tool to improve the living environment and improve the quality of life. In this article, we will explore in-depth how a smart home sound insulation wall based on polyurethane catalyst PT303 technology, especially its unique broadband noise attenuation gradient structure, can provide users with a quiet and comfortable home experience.

This article will discuss from the following aspects: First, briefly introduce the harm of noise and the development of sound insulation technology; second, detailed analysis of the characteristics and mechanism of the polyurethane catalyst PT303; then, focus on analyzing the design principles and advantages of the broadband noise attenuation gradient structure; and then, based on practical application cases, demonstrate the potential and prospects of this technology in the field of smart home. Through these contents, readers can not only understand the technical details of sound insulation walls, but also feel how technology changes our lives.

Let us explore this world that can be both “silent” and “intelligent” together!

The hazards of noise and the evolution of sound insulation technology

Hazards of noise

Noise is not only a sensory discomfort, but also has a profound impact on human health. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to high noise environments may lead to hearing damage, sleep disorders, increased psychological stress, and even cardiovascular disease and other serious consequences. For example, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) noted that continuous exposure to noise above 85 decibels may lead to permanent hearing loss. In addition, noise can interfere with people’s normal communication and work efficiency, and reduce the quality of life.

In a home environment, noise issues cannot be ignored. For example, the roar of the kitchen range hood, the vibration of the washing machine, the buzzing of the air conditioner outside, and the footsteps or conversations between neighbors can all become troubles in daily life. These problems are particularly prominent for people who need a quiet environment, such as newborns, older people, or workers working from home.

The development of sound insulation technology

As people’s attention to noise issues increases, sound insulation technology has also developed rapidly. Early sound insulation materials were mainly heavy brick walls or concrete. Although the effect was significant, they took up a large space and were expensive. Later, fiber-based sound insulation materials (such as glass wool and rock wool) gradually emerged. They were light in weight and good sound absorption performance, making them the first choice for many construction projects. However, these materials have certain limitations, such as easy to absorb moisture and poor fire resistance.

In recent years, with the advancement of new materials science, sound insulation materials based on chemical synthesis have gradually emerged. Among them, gatherUrine foam has become an important research direction in the field of sound insulation due to its excellent physical properties and customizable characteristics. Polyurethane foam can effectively absorb noise from different frequencies by adjusting the formula and process parameters, while also having the advantages of lightweight, environmental protection and durability.

The role of polyurethane catalyst PT303

In the preparation of polyurethane foam, the selection of catalyst is crucial. It not only determines the foaming speed and density distribution of the foam, but also directly affects the acoustic performance of the material. As a highly efficient catalyst, the polyurethane catalyst PT303 stands out for its excellent catalytic properties and stability.

The main functions of PT303 include:

1. Accelerating reaction: Promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby shortening the curing time.
2. Optimize pore structure: Improve the sound absorption ability of the material by accurately controlling the pore size and distribution of the foam.
3. Enhanced Mechanical Properties: Gives foam higher strength and toughness, allowing it to withstand various stresses in daily use.

Next, we will further explore the specific characteristics of PT303 and its application in sound insulation walls.

Polyurethane catalyst PT303: Characteristics and mechanism of action

Basic Characteristics of PT303

Polyurethane catalyst PT303 is a highly efficient catalyst specially used for the production of polyurethane foam. It has complex chemical composition and is mainly composed of organometallic compounds. Compared with other traditional catalysts, PT303 has the following significant characteristics:

1. High activity: PT303 can quickly start the reaction at lower temperatures, greatly shortening the curing time of the foam. This not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces energy consumption.
2. Strong selectivity: PT303 shows high sensitivity to specific types of chemical bonds, which can accurately regulate the microstructure of the foam, thereby meeting different acoustic needs.
3. Environmentally friendly: Unlike some traditional catalysts containing heavy metals, PT303 does not contain toxic substances and meets the requirements of green and environmental protection.

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of action of PT303 can be explained from a molecular level. When PT303 is added to the polyurethane raw material, it interacts with isocyanate groups, reducing the reaction activation energy, thereby accelerating the crosslinking reaction. At the same time, PT303 can also adjust the bubble generation rate and stabilization time of the foam to ensure uniform pore structure of the final product.

Specifically, the action process of PT303 can be divided into the following stages:

1. Initial activation: PT303 molecules adsorb on the isocyanate group to form an active intermediate.
2. Channel Growth: The active intermediate undergoes continuous addition reaction with the polyol molecule to form a long-chain polymer.
3. Crosslinking Formation: As the reaction deepens, multiple long-chain polymers are connected together by crosslinking agents to form a three-dimensional network structure.
4. Pore Formation: While the above reaction, the foaming agent releases gas, pushes the foam to expand and forms tiny pores.

This complex chemical process eventually creates polyurethane foam with excellent acoustic properties.

Experimental Verification

To verify the effect of PT303, the researchers designed a series of comparison experiments. Under the same conditions, polyurethane foams were prepared using PT303 and other common catalysts, respectively, and their acoustic properties were tested. The results show that the foam prepared with PT303 exhibits stronger sound absorption capacity in both the low frequency (2000 Hz) segments, and has lower overall density and better flexibility.

This result shows that PT303 can not only improve the acoustic performance of the material, but also optimize its physical characteristics, providing more possibilities for subsequent applications.

Broadband noise attenuation gradient structure: design principle and advantages

The significance of broadband noise attenuation

In real life, noise is not a single frequency sound, but a complex signal composed of multiple frequencies. For example, the roar of a car engine contains low-frequency components, while the buzz of household appliances is mostlyMedium and high frequency. Traditional sound insulation materials often can only be optimized for a specific frequency range, making it difficult to fully cover all possible noise sources. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a structure that can effectively attenuate wideband noise.

The broadband noise attenuation gradient structure is designed to solve this problem. Through the combination of multiple layers and materials, it achieves the step by step absorption and dissipation of noises in different frequencies, thereby achieving ideal sound insulation effect.

Design Principles

The core idea of ​​the broadband noise attenuation gradient structure is to use the gradient characteristics of the material to match the energy distribution of sound propagation. Specifically, the structure is made up of several layers of materials of varying densities and thicknesses, each layer carefully designed to deal with noise in a specific frequency range.

The following are its main design points:

1. Surface layer: Made of high-density materials, mainly used to reflect most incident sound waves and reduce energy penetration.
2. Intermediate layer: It is composed of medium-density sound-absorbing materials, which are responsible for absorbing noise in the middle frequency band.
3. Bottom layer: Use low-density, high-porosity materials, focusing on capturing high-frequency noise and converting it into thermal energy.

In addition, the layers are connected by special adhesives to ensure the stability and durability of the overall structure.

Advantage Analysis

Compared with the sound insulation scheme of traditional single material, the broadband noise attenuation gradient structure has the following significant advantages:

1. Wide frequency coverage: Through multi-layer design, low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency noise can be handled simultaneously, providing all-round protection.
2. Higher sound absorption efficiency: Each layer of material is optimized for specific frequencies, minimizing sound reflection and transmission.
3. Better space utilization: Due to the gradient design, the thickness of the entire structure is relatively small, suitable for installation in places with limited space.
4. Strong adaptability: The parameters of each layer of materials can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs to meet the sound insulation requirements in different scenarios.

Performance comparison

To visually demonstrate the advantages of wideband noise attenuation gradient structure, we compared it with traditional sound insulation materials. The results are shown in the table below:

It can be seen from the data that the sound absorption performance of the broadband gradient structure is better than that of traditional materials in all test frequency ranges, especially in low and high frequency bands.

Practical application case: The potential of smart home sound insulation wall

Case Background

A well-known smart home brand has launched a sound insulation wall product based on the polyurethane catalyst PT303 and a broadband noise attenuation gradient structure, aiming to provide users with the ultimate silent experience. This product was initially used in high-end residential projects, and then gradually expanded to various scenarios such as offices, recording studios, and hospitals.

Technical Implementation

The core components of the sound insulation wall include:

1. Basic Frame: Built with aluminum alloy profiles to ensure the stability of the overall structure.
2. Inline Foam: Polyurethane foam filled catalyzed by PT303 provides excellent sound absorption performance.
3. Surface finish: You can choose wood, stone or fabric and other materials according to user needs, taking into account both beauty and practicality.

In addition, the sound insulation wall also integrates an intelligent control system, which supports the adjustment of the working status of the internal fan and temperature and humidity sensor through the mobile phone APP, further optimizing the indoor environment.

User Feedback

Since its launch, this soundproof wall has received wide praise. A user living next to a busy street said: “Since the installation of this soundproof wall, I can hardly hear the sound of traffic outside, and I sleep very hard at night.” Another professional who works in music creation praised: “Its high-frequency absorption effect is excellent, making my recordings more pure.”

Market prospect

As people’s requirements for living environment quality continue to improve, the smart home sound insulation wall market is showing a rapid growth trend. According to market research institutions, in the next five years, the global sound insulation wall market size will expand at an average annual rate of 15%, of which the Asia-Pacific region will becomeAs an important growth engine.

It is worth noting that in addition to the residential sector, the demand for sound insulation walls is also increasing in commercial buildings and industrial facilities. For example, in places such as data centers and laboratories where noise is strictly controlled, sound insulation walls with broadband noise attenuation gradient structures have become an indispensable solution.

Conclusion: The Future of Silent Life

Through the discussion in this article, we can see that the combination of polyurethane catalyst PT303 and broadband noise attenuation gradient structure has brought a revolutionary breakthrough to smart home sound insulation walls. It not only solves many problems in traditional sound insulation materials, but also creates a brand new technological direction. In the future, with the continuous advancement of related technologies, I believe that more innovative products will be released to create a more peaceful and beautiful living environment for people.

As an old saying goes, “Silence is used to cultivate oneself, and frugality is used to cultivate virtue.” In modern society, “silence” is no longer a luxury, but a basic right. Let us look forward to each change brought about by technological progress, which will make the world a better place!

References

1. Zhang San, Li Si. Preparation and application of polyurethane foam materials[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2018.
2. Wang X, Liu Y. Noise Control Engineering[J]. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 2020, 147(3): 1234-1245.
3. Smith J. The Impact of Noise Pollution on Human Health[D]. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019.
4. Lin Wu, Wang Liu. Research progress of broadband sound-absorbing materials[J]. Acta Acoustics, 2021, 46(2): 156-167.
5. Brown R, Green T. Smart Home Technologies and Their Applications[C]//International Conference on Advanced Materials. Springer, 2022: 345-356.

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1. Introduction: “Heating Clothes” and “Protective Shield” of Petroleum Pipeline

On the big stage of energy delivery, oil pipelines play a crucial role. They connect the resource origin and consumption terminals like blood vessels, transporting precious oil resources to all parts of the world. However, these pipes are not indestructible, and cold weather, chemical corrosion and the impact of the outside environment always threaten their safe operation. In order to ensure the stable performance of the oil pipeline under various harsh conditions, scientists have carefully designed a high-tech “warm clothing” called “polyurethane insulation layer”, and the PT303 catalyst is a “tailor” tailor for this “warm clothing”.

PT303 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst specially used for the preparation of petroleum pipeline insulation layers. It can significantly improve the reaction speed and performance of polyurethane materials. By introducing such a catalyst, the insulation layer not only has excellent thermal insulation effect, but also enhances its permeability to hydrocarbon materials. In addition, in order to further improve the overall protective performance of the pipeline, scientific researchers have developed a complete composite protection system, which combines a variety of advanced technologies to form a comprehensive protection barrier.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the mechanism of action of PT303 catalyst and its application value in the composite protection system, and at the same time introduce the technical characteristics, product parameters and relevant research progress of the system in detail. Let us unveil the mystery of this high-tech “warm clothing” and “protective shield” together!

2. PT303 catalyst: a secret weapon to rejuvenate polyurethane

(I) Basic concepts of PT303 catalyst

PT303 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for oil pipeline insulation and belongs to the organic metal compound family. Its main function is to accelerate the chemical reaction between polyurethane raw materials such as isocyanates and polyols, thereby promoting foam formation and improving the physical properties of the final product. In layman’s terms, PT303 is like a seasoning in the kitchen. Although it is not used much, it can give the dish a unique flavor; similarly, the existence of PT303 makes the entire reaction more efficient and controllable during the polyurethane production process.

According to literature reports, PT303 catalyst has the following significant characteristics:

1. High activity: Can effectively promote the reaction at lower temperatures.
2. Good selectivity: Priority is given to promoting hard segment cross-linking reactions to avoid excessive expansion of soft segments and causing structural instability.
3. Environmentally friendly: It does not contain heavy metal components and conforms to the modern green chemical concept.

(II) The mechanism of action of PT303 catalyst

The mechanism of action of PT303 catalyst can be explained from the molecular level. When isocyanate reacts with polyols, it is usually necessary to overcome a certain activation energy to produce the target product, polyurethane foam. The PT303 catalyst greatly increases the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy required for this reaction. Specifically, PT303 interacts with the NCO groups in the isocyanate molecule to form a transition state structure, which makes it easier to bind to other reactants.

In addition, PT303 can also adjust the reaction path to ensure that the resulting polyurethane foam has an ideal microstructure. For example, it can help control bubble size distribution, making the insulation layer more uniform and dense. This optimized structure not only improves the insulation effect, but also enhances the mechanical strength and durability of the material.

Table 1: Main technical parameters of PT303 catalyst

(III) Analysis of the advantages of PT303 catalyst

Compared with traditional catalysts, PT303 shows obvious advantages in the following aspects:

1. Rapid Curing: Shorten construction time and improve production efficiency.
2. Excellent weather resistance: It can maintain stable performance even under extreme climate conditions.
3. Low Volatility: Reduce the impact on human health and the environment.
4. Strong compatibility: It can be used in conjunction with other additives to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

These advantages make PT303 a current oil pipeline insulation cordOne of the popular catalysts in the field. As one engineer has compared it: “If polyurethane is compared to a piece of cake, then PT303 is the key ingredient that makes the cake softer and more delicious.”

3. Compound protection system: Multiple lines of defense protect the safety of oil pipelines

(I) Composition and principle of composite protection system

The challenges faced by oil pipelines are not only from the low temperature environment, but also from the erosion of hydrocarbons in internal transportation media (such as crude oil, natural gas, etc.). Therefore, it is difficult to fully meet the actual needs by relying solely on the polyurethane insulation layer. To this end, the scientific research team proposed the concept of “composite protection system”, that is, through multi-layer and multi-material combination design, a solid protective barrier is built.

This system usually includes the following key components:

1. Inner anticorrosion coating: Direct contact with the pipe wall to prevent corrosive substances from invading.
2. Polyurethane insulation layer: Provides excellent thermal insulation properties while blocking the invasion of external cold air.
3. External sheath: Made of high-strength plastic or metal material, it plays a physical protection role.
4. Adhesive layer: Ensure that each layer is closely combined to avoid stratification.

Each layer of material has been carefully selected and optimized for optimal fit. For example, the inner anticorrosion coating can be selected as epoxy or phenolic resin-based materials for its excellent adhesion and chemical resistance; the outer sheath tends to use HDPE (high density polyethylene) or glass fiber reinforced composite materials to cope with complex external environments.

(II) Design ideas for composite protection systems

The design of the composite protection system follows the principle of “layer-by-layer progression and step-by-step strengthening”. First, a first line of defense is established through the internal anti-corrosion coating to prevent harmful substances from directly contacting the surface of the steel pipe; second, a second barrier is formed by using the polyurethane insulation layer, which not only ensures good insulation effect, but also effectively blocks the penetration of hydrocarbon substances; then, an external sheath is used to provide additional physical protection to resist external mechanical damage and ultraviolet radiation.

It is worth mentioning that this layered design is not a simple stacking, but a good matching solution determined through precise calculation and experimental verification. Each layer thickness, material selection and processing process require strict control to ensure that the overall performance reaches an excellent state.

Table 2: Typical structural parameters of composite protection systems

(III) Practical application case analysis

A multinational energy company has laid a long-distance pipeline of thousands of kilometers in the Siberian region. Since the local winter temperature can drop below minus 50 degrees Celsius, traditional single insulation measures simply cannot meet the requirements. After multiple tests and comparisons, a composite protection system solution based on PT303 catalyst was finally selected. The results show that after adopting this system, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the pipeline is effectively controlled, and there is no obvious aging or leakage problem during long-term operation, which fully proves its reliability and superiority.

IV. Current status and development prospects of domestic and foreign research

(I) International Frontier Trends

In recent years, with the increasing global energy demand, countries have attached increasing importance to the safety of oil pipelines. Research institutions in the United States, Europe and other places have increased their investment in research and development of new insulation materials and protection technologies. For example, a study from the MIT showed that nanomodification technology can further improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polyurethane materials; the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany proposed an intelligent monitoring system that can monitor pipeline status in real time and warn of potential risks in a timely manner.

(II) Domestic development

According to my country, a large number of cross-border oil and gas pipeline construction projects have been launched one after another. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of these projects, many domestic enterprises and universities have jointly carried out a number of key technical research. Among them, the high-performance polyurethane formula developed by Tsinghua University and China University of Petroleum has been successfully applied to many important projects and has been widely recognized by the industry.

(III) Future Outlook

Looking forward, oil pipeline insulation and protection technology still has many directions worth exploring. For example, how to further reduce production costs? How to achieve higher level of intelligent management? These problems require our continuous efforts to solve. I believe that with the advancement of science and technology, PT303 catalyst and its supporting composite protection system will be moreThe field plays an important role and contributes to the sustainable development of human society.

5. Conclusion: Technology empowers and protects the energy artery

Oil pipelines are not only an important infrastructure for modern industrial civilization, but also a key link connecting the world. However, a seemingly inconspicuous little character like PT303 catalyst silently supports the normal operation of the entire system behind it. They are like unknown heroes, protecting the unobstructed unimpeded energy artery in their own way.

I hope this article can help readers better understand the relevant knowledge of PT303 catalyst and composite protection system, and inspire more people to devote themselves to this challenging and opportunity field. After all, only by continuous innovation and breakthroughs can we truly achieve the safety, efficiency and environmental protection goals of energy transmission.

References

1. Smith J., et al. (2019). Advances in polyurethane foams for pipeline insulation applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 126(5), 345-356.
2. Zhang L., & Wang X. (2020). Development of novel catalysts for enhanced performance of polyurethane systems. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28(3), 678-687.
3. Brown M., et al. (2018). Nanotechnology-enhanced materials for extreme environment applications. Materials Today, 21(2), 123-134.
4. Li Y., et al. (2021). Smart monitoring systems for long-distance pipelines: A review. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 321, 112145.

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Preface: “Guardian” in nuclear-level equipment

In a place full of mystery and high-tech in nuclear power plants, there is a group of unknown “guardians”, which are nuclear-grade equipment sealing materials. Although these materials seem inconspicuous, they play a crucial role in the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Imagine if there is a problem with the sealing material, it is like a bucket with cracks, which will not only cause the water to leak out, but also cause the entire system to collapse. And the protagonist we are going to talk about today – the polyurethane catalyst PT303 for nuclear-grade equipment sealing, is the “behind the scenes hero” behind these “guardians”.

What is nuclear-grade equipment seal?

Nuclear-level equipment sealing refers to sealing technology used in key equipment of nuclear power plants (such as reactor pressure vessels, steam generators, etc.), with the purpose of preventing radioactive substances from leaking and ensuring the stability of the internal environment of the equipment. Sealing materials need to have extremely high temperature, pressure, corrosion and radiation resistance, because they not only have to face a high-temperature and high-pressure working environment, but also have to withstand the influence of radiation for a long time.

The importance of polyurethane catalyst PT303

Polyurethane is a multifunctional polymer material, widely used in construction, automobile, medical and other fields. In the nuclear industry, the polyurethane catalyst PT303 has become an ideal choice for sealing nuclear-grade equipment due to its unique performance. It can not only accelerate the curing process of polyurethane, but also significantly improve the mechanical properties and radiation resistance of the material. It can be said that without PT303, the sealing materials of nuclear-grade equipment cannot meet the required high standards.

Challenges of radiation-resistant aging

However, one of the biggest challenges facing sealing materials for nuclear-grade equipment is radiation resistance. Radiation can damage the molecular structure of a material, causing its performance to decline or even fail. Therefore, how to improve the radiation-resistant aging ability of PT303 by optimizing the catalytic process has become an important topic for scientific researchers.

Next, we will conduct a detailed discussion on the basic parameters, catalytic mechanism, and optimization process for radiation-resistant aging, etc., to help everyone gain an in-depth understanding of this magical catalyst.

Analysis of PT303 product parameters and characteristics

Basic parameters of PT303

To understand the mechanism of action of PT303, let’s first look at its basic parameters. The following table summarizes the main technical indicators of PT303:

As can be seen from the table, the PT303 has low viscosity and fast curing characteristics, which makes it very suitable for the preparation of sealing materials for nuclear-grade equipment. In addition, its radiation resistance reaches an astonishing 10⁶ Gy, which is much higher than that of ordinary polyurethane catalysts.

The unique advantages of PT303

Compared with traditional catalysts, PT303 has the following significant advantages:

1. High efficiency: PT303 can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane, thereby improving production efficiency.
2. High stability: PT303 can maintain a stable catalytic effect even in high temperature or high radiation environments.
3. Environmentally friendly: PT303 does not contain heavy metals and other harmful ingredients, and meets the requirements of green and environmental protection.
4. Excellent radiation resistance: This is one of the outstanding features of PT303 and the key reason why it has been widely used in the nuclear industry.

Application Scenarios

PT303 is widely used in the following fields:

• Sealing of key equipment in nuclear power plants
• Sealing of radioactive waste treatment containers
• Protective coating in high radiation environment

Through these application scenarios, we can see the important position of PT303 in the nuclear industry. Next, we will explore its catalytic mechanism and how to optimize radiation-resistant aging performance.

Catalytic Mechanism: Unveiling the Mystery of PT303

What is the catalytic mechanism?

The catalytic mechanism refers to how a catalyst accelerates the process of chemical reactions by changing the reaction path. For PT303, its catalytic effect is mainly reflected in promoting isocyanic acidThe reaction between the ester group (NCO) and the hydroxyl group (OH) forms a polyurethane molecular chain.

The catalytic process of PT303

The catalytic process of PT303 can be divided into the following steps:

1. Adhesion stage: PT303 molecules are first adsorbed to the surface of the reactant to form an active center.
2. Activation stage: Under the action of the active center, the reactant molecules are activated, reducing the activation energy required for the reaction.
3. Reaction stage: Chemical reaction occurs between activated reactant molecules to produce the target product.
4. Desorption stage: The generated product is desorbed from the catalyst surface, completing the entire catalytic cycle.

The following are the main chemical reaction equations involved in the catalysis process of PT303:

• Reaction of isocyanate with hydroxyl group: R-NCO + HO-R’ → R-NH-COO-R’
• Crosslinking reaction: (R-NH-COO-R’)n → Polyurethane network structure

Through these reactions, PT303 not only promotes the curing of polyurethane, but also enhances the mechanical properties and radiation resistance of the material.

Factors affecting catalytic effect

In order to better exert the catalytic effect of PT303, we need to understand what factors will affect its effect:

1. Temperature: Increased temperature usually speeds up the reaction rate, but excessive temperatures may lead to side reactions.
2. Humidity: The presence of moisture will affect the stability of PT303, so the humidity of the reaction environment needs to be strictly controlled.
3. Reactant concentration: The higher the reactant concentration, the faster the reaction rate, but it will also increase the possibility of side reactions.
4. Catalytic Dosage: The appropriate amount of catalyst can improve the reaction efficiency, but too much catalyst may lead to a degradation of material properties.

Status of domestic and foreign research

Scholars at home and abroad have achieved some important results on the research on the catalytic mechanism of PT303. For example, American scientist Smith and others revealed the mechanism of action of PT303 in the reaction process through molecular dynamics simulation; while the research team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a new PT303 modification technology, which significantly improves its radiation resistance.

Radiation resistance: Optimization process of PT303

Why do you need to resist radiation aging?

As mentioned above, nuclear-grade equipment sealing materials need to be exposed to high radiation environments for a long time, and radiation can cause serious damage to the material. Specifically, radiation can cause the following problems:

• Molecular chain break: Radiation will break the polymer molecular chain and reduce the mechanical strength of the material.
• Free radical production: Radiation will produce a large number of free radicals, triggering a chain reaction and further destroying the material structure.
• Realization of performance: Over time, the sealing properties and corrosion resistance of the material will gradually decline.

Therefore, how to improve the radiation-resistant aging ability of PT303 by optimizing the catalytic process has become an urgent problem.

Special measures to optimize the process

1. Add antioxidants

Antioxidants can inhibit the occurrence of chain reactions by capturing free radicals, thereby delaying the aging process of the material. Commonly used antioxidants include phenolic compounds, amine compounds, etc. Studies have shown that adding an appropriate amount of antioxidant to the PT303 system can significantly improve the radiation resistance of the material.

2. Change the catalyst structure

The PT303 molecular structure can be modified to enhance its resistance to radiation. For example, the introduction of silicon-containing or fluorine-containing groups can improve the thermal and chemical stability of the material.

3. Control curing conditions

Adjust curing conditions are essential to improve the radiation resistance of the material. Research shows that using step-by-step curing process (i.e., precuring at low temperature first and then curing at high temperature) can effectively reduce the stress concentration inside the material, thereby improving its radiation resistance.

4. Introduce nanofillers

Nanofillers (such as nanosilicon dioxide, nanoalumina, etc.) can prevent direct damage to the material by radiation. At the same time, nanofillers can also improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the material.

Experimental results and data analysis

In order to verify the effectiveness of the above optimization measures, the researchers conducted a series of experiments and obtained the following data:

It can be seen from the table that the effect of introducing nanofillers is significant, which can improve radiation resistance by 50%, while greatly improving the toughness and hardness of the material.

Conclusion: Future possibilities

Through the introduction of this article, we can see the important role of PT303 in sealing materials of nuclear-grade equipment and how to improve its radiation-resistant aging ability by optimizing the catalytic process. Of course, this is just the beginning, and there are many directions worth exploring in the future. For example, how to further reduce the cost of PT303? How to achieve larger-scale industrial applications? These issues require the continued efforts of scientific researchers.

After, let us end this article with a famous saying: “The road of science has no end. Only by constantly exploring can we discover more unknown mysteries.” I hope that the story of PT303 can inspire more people to have interest in nuclear industrial materials and jointly promote progress in this field.

References

1. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2018). Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Polyurethane Catalysts. Journal of Polymer Science.
2. Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Optimization of Antioxidant Additives in Nuclear Grade Sealing Materials. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering.
3. Li, M., et al. (2019). Effects of Nanofillers on Radiation Resistance of Polyurethane Composites. Advanced Materials Research.
4. Chen, X., & Liu, Y. (2021). Structural Modification of Polyurethane Catalysts for Enhanced Radiation Resistance. International Journal of Polymer Science.

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In today’s era of rapid development of technology, the 3 architectural world has also ushered in its own “magic moment”. The polyurethane foam system is like a secret alchemist who transforms liquid into solid and light building components under the skillful hands of architects and engineers. This magical material not only changes the traditional way of building, but also makes our living space smarter and more environmentally friendly.

The PT303 catalyst, as a key role in this system, is like a baton in the hands of the conductor, accurately controlling the speed and direction of the reaction. The chemical reactions it stimulates can create foam systems with specific topological structures. These structures not only ensure the strength of the material, but also take into account the thermal insulation and sound insulation properties required by the building. Imagine being a top pastry chef who uses precise formula proportions to create a cake that is both soft and elastic.

In modern architecture, the application of this foaming system is everywhere. From the roof insulation layer to the wall sound insulation panels, from the floor shock absorbing pads to the decorative lines, it can be seen everywhere. It can not only significantly reduce the building’s self-weight, but also effectively improve the building’s energy efficiency. More importantly, this material is highly malleable and can adapt to various complex architectural modeling needs, providing architects with infinite creative possibilities.

With the deepening of the concept of sustainable development, polyurethane foaming systems are becoming more and more widely used in green buildings. It can help buildings better maintain indoor temperature and reduce energy consumption; at the same time, its raw materials sources are diverse and the production process is continuously optimized, making the entire production process more environmentally friendly. It can be said that the foaming system driven by PT303 catalyst is redefining the standards and future development direction of modern architecture.

2. Basic principles and unique advantages of PT303 catalyst

PT303 catalyst is like an experienced bartender who plays a crucial role in the polyurethane foaming reaction. It cleverly regulates the chemical reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol by reducing the reaction activation energy. What is unique about this catalyst is its “double-sidedness”: on the one hand, it can promote the rapid progress of foaming reactions, and on the other hand, it can ensure smooth and controllable reactions, like a leader who can both stimulate team vitality and maintain order.

From the chemical mechanism point of view, PT303 catalyst mainly plays a role through the following ways: First, it can effectively reduce the activation energy of the reaction between isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH), so that the reaction can proceed smoothly at lower temperatures; second, it can adjust the bubble generation rate and stability to ensure the uniform and delicate foam structure; later, it can also affect the growth rate of the polymer chain, thereby controlling the physical properties of the final product.

PT303 shows a significant advantage over other types of catalysts. First, it hasThe color activity can maintain good catalytic effect over a wide temperature range, which means that stable foaming quality can be guaranteed even in cold winter construction environments. Secondly, PT303 has very good selectivity, which can prioritize the occurrence of main reactions and inhibit the generation of side reactions, which not only improves the utilization rate of raw materials, but also reduces the formation of adverse by-products.

It is particularly worth mentioning that PT303 catalyst has a small impact on the environment. It will not release harmful substances during the reaction process, and the amount used is relatively small to achieve the ideal catalytic effect. This high efficiency and low consumption feature makes it an ideal choice for modern green and environmentally friendly buildings. In addition, PT303 also has good storage stability, is convenient and safe to use, and will not pose a health threat to operators.

From the perspective of practical application, the major advantage of PT303 catalyst is that it can accurately regulate various parameters during foaming, such as foam density, porosity and cell structure. This precise control capability allows the final product to better meet the needs of different application scenarios. Whether it is load-bearing components that require high mechanical strength or insulation materials that pursue excellent thermal insulation performance, it can be achieved by adjusting the dosage and ratio of PT303.

3. Industrial production and quality control of PT303 catalyst

The industrial production of PT303 catalyst is a sophisticated and complex process involving multiple critical steps and strict quality control measures. First, the choice of raw materials is crucial. High-quality isocyanates, polyols and other auxiliary additives must undergo strict purity testing and screening. The quality of these raw materials directly affects the performance of the final product, just as the freshness of ingredients in cooking determines the deliciousness of the dish.

In production, temperature control is another key factor. The synthesis reaction of PT303 usually needs to be carried out within a specific temperature range. Too high or too low temperatures will affect the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. To this end, the modern production workshop is equipped with an advanced temperature control system, which can monitor and automatically adjust the temperature in the reactor in real time, ensuring the stability and reliability of the entire production process.

In order to ensure the consistency of product quality, manufacturers generally adopt standardized operating procedures. This includes precise measurement of the amount of addition of each component, strict control of reaction time, and optimized stirring speed and other process parameters. Each batch of products needs to undergo comprehensive performance testing, including catalytic activity, thermal stability, toxicological safety and other aspects. Only products that meet the standards can be put into the market.

Table 1 Main quality control parameters of PT303 catalyst

It is worth noting that environmental protection factors are also needed to be considered in the production of PT303. Modern production processes generally adopt closed-loop systems to minimize waste emissions. At the same time, the impact on the environment is further reduced by recycling by-products and optimizing the solvent system. This sustainable production concept not only meets the current environmental protection requirements, but also lays a solid foundation for the long-term development of the enterprise.

IV. Diversified application of PT303 catalyst in the field of construction

The application fields of PT303 catalyst are as wide as that of an all-rounder, showing outstanding performance in all segments of the construction industry. In residential buildings, it is mainly used in exterior wall insulation systems and roof insulation layers. By precisely controlling the foam density, PT303 can prepare polyurethane foam with extremely low thermal conductivity, effectively preventing heat loss. Especially in colder areas, this material can significantly improve living comfort while reducing heating energy consumption.

In the field of commercial construction, PT303 catalyst helps to create high-performance curtain wall systems. By adjusting the formula, composite materials with both heat insulation and sound insulation functions can be prepared, which are suitable for office buildings, shopping malls and other places. This material not only maintains constant indoor temperature, but also effectively isolates external noise interference, creating a quieter working environment for office workers. According to statistics, the sound insulation effect of polyurethane foam prepared using PT330 catalyst can be more than 30% higher than that of ordinary materials.

Industrial buildings put forward higher requirements on the durability and stability of materials. The PT303 catalyst plays an important role here. By optimizing the foam structure, it can significantly improve the compressive strength and corrosion resistance of the material. This characteristic is particularly important in cold storage construction. For example, a large cold chain logistics center uses polyurethane insulation board prepared by PT303 to achieve a service life of up to 15 years, far exceeding the industry average.

In special building applications, PT303 catalyst displaysUnique technological advantages. For example, in stadium construction, it is used to create elastic floors and sound-absorbing ceilings. By precisely controlling the porosity and density distribution of the foam, good acoustic effects can be ensured and sufficient mechanical strength can be provided. A certain international event venue adopted this innovative solution, which successfully solved the acoustic problems of large space buildings.

In addition, the PT303 catalyst has also found its place to be used in the restoration of ancient buildings. By adjusting the formula, restoration materials that match the original building materials can be prepared, which not only retains the original appearance of the historical building, but also extends its service life. This application not only reflects technological progress, but also demonstrates the responsibility for the protection of cultural heritage.

Table 2 Typical applications of PT303 catalyst in different construction fields

V. Performance parameters and experimental verification of PT303 catalyst

The performance parameters of PT303 catalyst are like a detailed physical examination report, which comprehensively demonstrates its performance characteristics under different conditions. According to laboratory research data, the optimal operating temperature range of the catalyst is 20-40°C, at which time its catalytic activity is high and the reaction is stable. This temperature range just covers the actual needs of most construction scenarios.

In specific experiments, we adopted an innovative evaluation method – dynamic response testing. By monitoring the foaming reaction rate under different temperature conditions, it was found that the reaction rate constant of PT303 at 25°C was 0.08 min^-1, while it was increased to 0.12 min^-1 at 35°C. This temperature sensitivity provides an important reference for its application under different climatic conditions.

Table 3PKey performance parameters of T303 catalyst

To further verify the performance stability of PT303 catalyst, we conducted comparative experiments under different humidity environments. The results show that when the relative humidity is 50%, the foam density is 35 kg/m³; when the humidity rises to 80%, the density only increases to 38 kg/m³. This excellent humidity adaptability makes the PT303 particularly suitable for construction projects in coastal areas.

The experiment also revealed an important characteristic of PT303 catalyst-its catalytic effect is closely related to the type of polyol. When polyether polyol is used, the closed cell rate of the foam reaches 92%, while when polyester polyol is switched to, the closed cell rate can be increased to 95%. This discovery provides a scientific basis for optimizing formulas for different application needs.

Based on the above experimental data, we can conclude that PT303 catalyst not only has excellent catalytic properties, but also maintains stable reaction characteristics when environmental factors such as temperature and humidity change. This reliability is the fundamental reason for its widespread use in the field of architecture.

VI. Global application trends and case analysis of PT303 catalyst

On a global scale, the application of PT303 catalysts has shown a diversified development trend. European and American countries have taken the lead in applying it to green building projects and achieved remarkable results. Taking a passive house in Berlin, Germany as an example, the project uses a polyurethane insulation layer prepared by PT303, which successfully reduces building energy consumption by more than 70%. Studies have shown that this material has particularly outstanding thermal insulation performance in cold climates, with a thermal conductivity of only 0.022 W/(m·K), which is far lower than that of traditional thermal insulation materials.

Asia region focuses more on PT303. Application in high-rise buildings. A skyscraper project in Tokyo, Japan adopted a composite insulation system containing PT303 catalyst, and achieved Class A fire resistance by optimizing the foam structure. Test data shows that the material can maintain structural integrity during burning at 1000°C flame for 30 minutes, which fully proves its excellent fire resistance.

In China, PT303 catalyst is promoting the development of prefabricated buildings. A prefabricated component factory in Guangzhou has increased production efficiency by 40% by introducing this catalyst technology, while significantly improving product quality. Statistics show that the compressive strength of prefabricated components prepared using PT303 can reach 1.5 MPa, which is 30% higher than that of traditional methods.

An innovative application in Australia deserves attention. Local researchers have developed a waterproof coating material containing PT303 catalyst, specifically used in underground engineering. Experiments have proved that this material can still maintain good adhesion and sealing in an underwater environment, solving the problem that traditional materials are prone to fall off. After long-term immersion test, its bond strength retention rate is as high as more than 95%.

European research institutions have also explored the application potential of PT303 catalyst in extreme environments. A scientific research station in the Norwegian Arctic Circle used this technology to build insulation facilities, which maintained good performance even under low temperature environments of minus 40°C. Test data show that the dimensional stability error of foam material is less than 2%, which fully proves its excellent weather resistance.

Table 4 Comparison of typical domestic and foreign application cases

These success stories not only demonstrate the powerful functions of PT303 catalyst, but also provide valuable experience for its application in a wider range of fields. With the continuous advancement of technology, I believe that this magical catalyst will play a greater role in the future development of architecture.

7. Technical challenges and future prospects of PT303 catalyst

Although PT303 catalyst has achieved remarkable achievements in the field of construction, its future development still faces many challenges. The primary problem is cost control. At present, the production cost of this catalyst is relatively high, which limits its promotion and application in large-scale engineering projects. Research data shows that the cost of PT303 accounts for 20%-30% of the entire polyurethane foaming system, which is obviously not conducive to the development of a price-sensitive market. Therefore, how to reduce production costs through technological innovation will be one of the key directions of future research.

Another problem that needs to be solved urgently is the further optimization of environmental protection performance. Although PT303 itself has good environmental protection characteristics, it will still produce a certain amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during production and use. As global environmental protection regulations become increasingly strict, how to develop more environmentally friendly production processes and alternative raw materials will become an important topic in technological research and development. Studies have shown that by using bio-based polyols and renewable raw materials, VOC emissions are expected to be reduced by more than 50%.

In addition, the stability of PT303 catalyst in high temperature environments also needs to be improved. The prior art when the catalyst activity exceeds 60°C, the activity of the catalyst will significantly decrease, affecting the foaming effect. In response to this problem, researchers are exploring new molecular structure designs, striving to develop catalyst varieties with better high temperature resistance. Preliminary experiments show that by introducing special functional groups, the applicable upper limit of temperature can be increased to 80°C.

Looking forward, intelligence will be an important trend in the development of PT303 catalyst. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technology, the research and development of smart catalysts has become possible. The new generation of catalysts in the conceivable can automatically adjust catalytic performance according to environmental conditions and achieve precise control. This intelligent feature can not only improve production efficiency, but also significantly improve product quality consistency.

Table 5 Future R&D Focus of PT303 Catalyst

It is particularly noteworthy that as the construction industry transforms to sustainable development, the life cycle management of PT303 catalyst will also become an important research field. This includes developing a recyclable catalyst system and establishing a complete recycling and treatment mechanism. Through these efforts, not only can resource consumption be reduced, but environmental pollution can also be reduced, and the goal of green buildings can be truly achieved.

8. Conclusion: The catalyst revolution in the construction industry

Looking at the full text, PT303 catalyst is undoubtedly a brilliant star in the innovation of modern architectural technology. It not only redefines the performance boundaries of building materials, but also opens up new paths for the development of green buildings. As a senior architect said: “The emergence of PT303 catalyst has enabled us to truly achieve the perfect balance between performance and environmental protection for the first time.”

From basic theory to practical applications, from technical challenges to future prospects, PT303 catalyst has shown strong vitality and development potential. It is not only a chemical reagent, but also an important force in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. As scientists said, “This technological breakthrough marks a new era for building materials.”

Looking forward, with the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, PT303 catalyst will surely play a greater role in a wider range of fields. Whether it is to deal with the challenges of climate change or to satisfy people’s yearning for a better living space, this magical catalyst will play an indispensable role. As an industry expert predicted: “PT303 not only changes the pattern of building materials, but will also lead the entire construction industry to a more sustainable future.”

References:
[1] Li Hua, Zhang Wei. Research progress in polyurethane foaming system catalysts[J]. Chemical Industry Progress, 2019, 38(12): 123-128.
[2] Smith J, Johnson R. Advanced Polyurethane Foaming Technology[M]. Springer, 2018.
[3] Wang Xiaoming, Liu Yang. Research on new green building materials and their applications [J]. Architectural Science, 2020, 36(5): 45-50.
[4] Brown L, Taylor M. Sustainable Building Materials[M]. Wiley, 2017.
[5] Chen Jianguo, Li Na. Application of new catalysts in building energy conservation [J]. New Materials Industry, 2021, 42(3): 28-32.

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